Perinatal alcohol and substance use damages the physical, mental, and social well-being of women and hurts children, families, and communities. Evidence shows that alcohol exposure, smoking and illicit drug use during pregnancy result in unfavorable birth outcomes including preterm labor, premature birth, stillbirths, low birth weight, congenital anomalies, mental retardation, behavioral disorders, growth deficiencies, facial abnormalities, and more.
Of all the substances of abuse (including cocaine, heroin and marijuana), alcohol produces by far the most serious neurobehavioral effects in the fetus. Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) are a leading known cause of mental retardation and birth defects, with brain damage being the most harmful effect.
About 13% of California women (15 years and older) who gave birth in 2008 reported consuming alcohol during the first or third trimester of pregnancy. About 1 in 10 of those giving birth in 2006 reported binge drinking at least once during their pregnancy. Over 11% of all infants were born substance-exposed in California in 2000. No surprise, then, that one priority of California’s Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health Programs is to prevent and decrease perinatal substance use.
WIC Can Help! WIC agencies are in a prime position to ensure that women know of the dangers of alcohol and substance use and where they can turn for help. Tap into the resources for participants and professionals listed here to provide information and referral and help prevent these harmful effects.
RESOURCES:
California Department of Drug and Alcohol Programs (ADP): prevention, treatment, and recovery services
- Find crisis intervention contact information by county here.
- The Resource Center: free non-emergency information for all Californians:
Mail: 1700 K Street, 1st Floor, Sacramento, CA 95811-4037
Email: This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it
Fax: 1-916-323-1270
Phone: 1-800-879-2772 or 1-916-327-3728 (ADP)
1-800-662-4357 (US Department of Health and Human Services)
Participant/Consumer Materials:
- Drinking During Pregnancy Info Page (4th grade reading level) from NIAAA
- Drinking Alcohol during Pregnancy materials from March of Dimes:
Info Page (10th grade reading level)
3-minute video on alcohol & pregnancy: effects, tips to avoid, resources - ADP Women’s Page (for public/consumers)
- Teen Drug Abuse Resources – website, confidential assessment, treatment referral
Toll Free Hotline: 1-866-323-5611
Above the Influence - National Youth Anti-Drug Media campaign - Screen Your Alcohol Intake -- confidential self-assessment of alcohol consumption
- California Smoker’s Helpline: 1-800-NO-BUTTS
- Fact Sheets from Alameda County Public Health Department:
You Can Quit Smoking (2-page support/advice sheet & planning tool) in English, Chinese, Vietnamese, Korean, and Hmong
Marijuana and Pregnancy Fact Sheets in English and Spanish
Treatment Referral/Locators:
- Treatment Referral Information -- phone service and facility locator (NIAAA)
- Treatment Works! is ADP’s online, searchable directory
- Al-Anon/Alateen
- Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)
- SAMHSA facility locator: Referral Helpline of the federal Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration:
1-800-662-HELP (English & Español)
1-800-487-4889 (TDD)
General Information & Professional Publications:
- California Dept of Public Health Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health Programs (MCAH)
FASD Fact Sheet
Alcohol Use during Pregnancy Brochure (2005) - National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)
Alcohol: A Women’s Health Issue (online publication) - National Association for Children of Alcoholics (NACOA)
- National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information (NCADI)
- National Organization on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (NOFAS)
- National Woman's Health Information Center (NWHIC)
4 Girls Health - SAMHSA Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Center for Excellence
- CDPH Quit Smoking Resources: FAQs and helpline phone numbers in more languages
Smoking during Pregnancy Brochure (2002)

